An ideal decentralized system can be divided into three layers, namely: (1) a base ‘core-purpose layer’, (2) a middle ‘rule-enforcement layer’ and (3) a top ‘application-execution layer’. This general model is applicable to all systems including human organizations, joint cognitive systems, technological systems and natural systems. For example, in a joint cognitive system, the core...
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Merging Digitality and Physicality
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