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Bitcoin & Blockchain

The XRP judge got the securities law wrong

What the judge in the Ripple (XRP) case said in the summary judgment is essentially the following: (1) selling XRP tokens to institutional buyers constituted a sale of unregistered securities because the institutional buyers would have understood what Ripple was promising and doing, (2) but selling XRP tokens to the public (the so-called programmatic sales) did not constitute a sale of unregistered securities because the public was too stupid to understand what Ripple was promising… Read More »The XRP judge got the securities law wrong

Blockchain and HTTP/S

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its encrypted extension Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), collectively HTTP/S, is an application layer protocol in the Internet Protocol (IP) suite which is the base protocol layer of the Internet. More precisely, it is a linking layer placed between the top application layer and the base protocol layer. HTTP/S...

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Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
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Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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Why are bills of lading still on paper?

Bills of lading are traditionally paper-based documents used in international trade and shipping to establish proof of the contract of carriage, receipt of goods, and ownership of the goods being transported. While digitalization has transformed many aspects of the business world, bills of lading have remained predominantly paper-based. It is estimated that 25 billion paper...

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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The locked protocol

“The nature of Bitcoin is such that once version 0.1 was released, the core design was set in stone for the rest of its lifetime.” — Satoshi Nakamoto, June 17, 2010.

One of the distinctions that BSV blockchain makes in comparison to BTC is that BSV has a 'locked protocol' that represents the original Bitcoin.

What does ‘locked protocol’ mean? Does it mean that the Bitcoin blockchain allows no new software development? Of course not.

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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Crypto exchanges convert crypto assets into unregistered security offerings

The crypto exchanges convert a crypto asset into unregistered security offerings even if the asset is not such a security already. This is due to primarily the following reasons: (1) the completely centralized nature of these crypto exchanges; (2) the predominantly off-chain transaction environment created by the crypto exchanges. Most crypto assets are already securities due to the way they were created, issued, and mined. See even BTC has become a security. But even if… Read More »Crypto exchanges convert crypto assets into unregistered security offerings

Decentralized systems and human creativity and corruptibility

An ideal decentralized system can be divided into three layers, namely: (1) a base ‘core-purpose layer’, (2) a middle ‘rule-enforcement layer’ and (3) a top ‘application-execution layer’. This general model is applicable to all systems including human organizations, joint cognitive systems, technological systems and natural systems. For example, in a joint cognitive system, the core...

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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Why data ownership must be decentralized – the path to decentralized human capitalism

I’m worried about mass corruption as well as central control. The former is a Huxleyan dystopia while the latter an Orwellian dystopia. See: The two dimensional Orwellian / Huxleyan vector space. Today, when the issue of centralized data is discussed, privacy is usually the focus of the concern. But the reason why centralized data is...

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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Gold/bitcoin, money/currency

The famous gold advocate Peter Schiff has always correctly claimed that BTC has no value. But he has started to see that gold can be tokenized on a capable blockchain.

Tokenization is a form of digitization but has unique advantages over the traditional digitization of gold, such . . .

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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Centralization of control and self-organization of entropy

When a system presents itself as a decentralized self-organization but is actually centrally controlled, can you tell? Think about all this in the context of artificial intelligence and that of cryptocurrencies. ‘Centralization of control’ and ‘self-organization of entropy’ are fundamentally different. Centralization of control, or usually just ‘centralization’, represents centralized control by a decision-making authority,...

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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Pluralism and unification

Pluralism is a form of diversity, which at the application layer is not only a good virtual, but also a necessity according to Ashby’s law of cybernetics, according to which a system must have a Requisite Variety (a sufficient number of states in variations) in order to survive a varying environment.

However, the study of cybernetics also reveals another fundamental principle: for a system to support a requisite variety, it must have unity at the base that defines its core purpose and coherence.

Read more... The full content of this chapter is available in the two-volume book:

Bit & Coin

Merging Digitality and Physicality

Volume I: Digital Humanity’s Truth Layer - The New Internet, its Authenticity Layer, and Applications
Introduction
Order on Amazon

Volume II: Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Beyond - Essays of Science, Economics, Law, Ethics, and Controversies
Introduction
(coming soon)

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